Which Of The Following Animals Can Be Seen Across The Region Of Southeast Asia

All of the animals living in Asia and its surrounding seas and islands are considered the fauna of Asia. Since in that location is no natural biogeographic boundary in the due west between Europe and Asia. The term "creature of Asia" is somewhat elusive. Temperate Asia is the eastern part of the Palearctic realm (which in turn is part of the Holarctic), and its south-eastern office belongs to the Indomalayan realm (previously called the Oriental region). Asia shows a notable diversity of habitats, with significant variations in rainfall, altitude, topography, temperature and geological history, which is reflected in its richness and diversity of creature life.

Origins of Asian wild animals [edit]

The germination of the Asian fauna began in the Mesozoic with the splitting of Laurasian supercontinent. Asia blends elements from both aboriginal supercontinents of Laurasia and Gondwana. Gondwanian elements were introduced from Africa and by India, which detached from Gondwana approximately xc MYA, carrying its Gondwana-derived flora and fauna northward. Glaciation during the well-nigh recent ice age and the immigration of homo affected the distribution of Asian brute (see also Sahara pump theory). Eurasia and Due north America were many times connected past the Bering land bridge, and have very similar mammal and bird faunas, with many Eurasian species having moved into North America, and fewer North American species having moved into Eurasia (many zoologists consider the Palearctic and Nearctic to be a single Holarctic realm).^[3]

Zoogeographic regions [edit]

European-Siberian region [edit]

The boreal and temperate European-Siberian region is the Palearctic'due south largest region, which transitions from tundra in the northern reaches of Russian federation and Scandinavia to the vast taiga, the boreal coniferous forests which run into the continent. Liquid water is unavailable for much of the winter, and plants and many of the animals undergo a winter dormancy in which metabolism is very ho-hum. South of the taiga are a belt of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and temperate coniferous forests. This vast region is characterized by many shared plant and animal species. Some feature mammals are Siberian roe deer, greyness wolf, moose and wolverine.

Mediterranean Basin [edit]

The lands bordering the Mediterranean Body of water in southwestern Asia are home to the Mediterranean basin ecoregions, which together constitute world'due south largest and most diverse mediterranean climate region of the earth, with generally balmy, rainy winters and hot, dry summers. The Mediterranean basin'southward mosaic of Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub are habitation to thirteen,000 owned species. The Mediterranean bowl is besides one of the world's most endangered biogeographic regions; only four% of the region's original vegetation remains, and human activities, including overgrazing, deforestation, and conversion of lands for pasture, agriculture, or urbanization, take degraded much of the region. Conservation International has designated the Mediterranean basin as one of the globe's biodiversity hotspots.

Middle-East deserts [edit]

A great belt of deserts, including the Arabian desert, separates the Palearctic, Afrotropic and true Asian ecoregions. This scheme includes these desert ecoregions in the Palearctic realm; other biogeographers identify the purlieus between realms as the transition zone between the desert ecoregions and the Mediterranean basin ecoregions to the north, which places the deserts in the Afrotropic, while others identify the boundary through the center of the desert. Gazelles, oryx, sand cats, and spiny-tailed lizards are some of the desert-desert-adapted species that survive in this extreme surround. Many species, such as the striped hyena, jackal and beloved badger take go extinct in this surface area due to hunting, human encroachment and habitat destruction. Other species have been successfully re-introduced, such as the endangered Arabian oryx and the sand gazelle.

Western and Central Asia [edit]

The Caucasus mountains, which run between the Blackness Sea and the Caspian Sea, are a particularly rich mix of coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, and include the temperate pelting forests of the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests ecoregion.

Central Asia and the Iranian plateau are domicile to dry out steppe grasslands and desert basins, with montane forests, woodlands, and grasslands in the region's high mountains and plateaux. In south asia the boundary of the Palearctic is largely altitudinal. The middle distance foothills of the Himalaya between well-nigh 2000–2500 m class the purlieus betwixt the Palearctic and Indomalaya ecoregions.

East Asia [edit]

China and Nippon are more than humid and temperate than adjacent Siberia and Cardinal Asia, and are home to rich temperate coniferous, broadleaf, and mixed forests, which are now generally limited to mountainous areas, as the densely populated lowlands and river basins have been converted to intensive agricultural and urban employ. East asia was not much affected past glaciation in the ice ages. In the subtropical southern parts of China and Japan, the Palearctic temperate forests transition to the subtropical and tropical forests of Indomalaya, creating a rich and various mix of found and animal species. The mountains of southwest Prc are besides designated equally a biodiversity hotspot, the Himalayas containing for example virtually 8% of the world'due south bird species.^[four] In Southeastern Asia, high mountain ranges class tongues of Palearctic flora and animate being in northern Myanmar and southern China. Isolated small outposts (sky islands) occur every bit far south equally fundamental Myanmar, northernmost Vietnam and the high mountains of Taiwan.

Indian subcontinent [edit]

The Indian Subcontinent bioregion covers most of India, Islamic republic of pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Himalaya, and Patkai ranges spring the bioregion on the northwest, north, and northeast; these ranges were formed by the standoff of the northward-drifting Indian subcontinent with Asia showtime 45 million years ago. The Hindu Kush, Karakoram, and Himalaya are a major biogeographic boundary betwixt the subtropical and tropical fauna of the Indian subcontinent and the temperate-climate Palearctic realm. The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka are important biodiversity hotspots.^[v]

Indochina [edit]

The Indochina bioregion includes about of mainland Southeast Asia, including Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Cambodia, as well as the subtropical forests of southern Cathay. Information technology covers the richest part of the Indomalayan realm, with dominant biomes of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and dry broadleaf forests. New species and even families are often establish in that location (e.g. Laotian stone rat). Information technology is home to virtually 500 native mammal species. The bird beast is also very diverse, with some ane,300 species. Over 500 reptile and over 300 amphibian species are also nowadays, including numerous endemics. See likewise the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot.

Sunda shelf and the Philippines [edit]

Malesia is a province which straddles the boundary between the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It includes the Malay Peninsula and the western Indonesian islands (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan and others, known every bit Sundaland), the Philippines, the eastern Indonesian islands, and New Guinea. While the Malesia has much in common botanically, the portions e and west of the Wallace Line differ greatly in land animal species; Sundaland shares its fauna with mainland Asia, while the islands due east of the Wallace line either lack land mammals, or are home to a state fauna derived from Australia, which includes marsupial mammals and ratite birds. The insects of New Guinea are however mainly of Asian origin.^[6]

Freshwater [edit]

Asia as well contains several of import freshwater ecoregions as well, including Rivers of Russia, which menses into the Arctic, Black, and Caspian seas, Siberia'due south Lake Baikal, the oldest and deepest lake on the planet (home to numerous endemic sponges, oligochaetes, and crustaceans and the Baikal seal), Khanka Lake, and Japan's Lake Biwa, Lake Dongting, Lake Tai and Lake Poyang in China. The rivers of China are home to the critically endangered finless porpoise and baiji. There are also several Asian lakes with saline or brackish h2o, and with peculiar creature (Caspian Sea, Lake Balkhash, Aral Sea, Issyk Kul, Qinghai Lake).

South Asia is peculiarly rich in freshwater life, with 10% of the globe'south fishes (over 2000 species).

Marine fauna [edit]

There are strong affinities and relationships between Mediterranean and Atlantic faunas. The deep-h2o fauna of the Mediterranean has no distinctive characteristics and is relatively poor. Both are a effect of events afterward the Messinian salinity crunch.^[7] An invasion of Indian Ocean species has begun via the Suez Culvert (see Lessepsian migration).

The Indo-Pacific is a rich biogeographic region including most part of the Asian seas, comprising the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, the western and central Pacific Ocean, and the seas connecting the two in the general surface area of Republic of indonesia (it does non include the temperate and polar regions of the Indian and Pacific oceans, and the Tropical Eastern Pacific, along the Pacific coast of the Americas, is too a distinct marine realm).

Reptiles [edit]

Asia has a rich reptile fauna. Earless monitor lizards, snakes of the families Uropeltidae, Acrochordidae and Xenopeltidae and gavials are owned to Asia.

The crocodiles include mugger crocodile, gharial, false gharial and saltwater crocodile. The more than common of the numerous snakes are pipe snakes (Melanophidium, Plectrurus, Rhinophis, Uropeltis), bounding main snakes, Elapids (male monarch cobra, Bungarus, Calliophis, Naja, Walterinnesia), vipers (Azemiops, Daboia, Dendrelaphis, Echis, Hypnale, Protobothrops, Trimeresurus, Ovophis, Pseudocerastes, Gloydius etc.), colubrids (Achalinus, Amphiesma, Boiga, Calamaria, Cerberus, Coluber, Enhydris, Lycodon, Oligodon, Opisthotropis, Rhabdophis, Pareas, Psammophis, Ptyas, Sibynophis, Spalerosophis, Trachischium etc.) and blind snakes. The lizards include geckos (Agamura, Alsophylax, Asaccus, Calodactylodes, Cyrtodactylus, Chondrodactylus, Cnemaspis, Cyrtopodion, Dixonius, Gehyra, Gekko, Gonydactylus, Hemidactylus, Hemiphyllodactylus, Lepidodactylus, Luperosaurus, Perochirus, Pristurus, Teratolepis, etc.), Xenosauridae (Shinisaurus), monitor lizards, skinks. There are as well virtually 100 species of turtles and tortoises (Russian tortoise, keeled box turtle, Batagur, Aspideretes, Chinemys, Chitra, Cistoclemmys, Cuora, Geochelone, Heosemys, Indotestudo, Mauremys, Pangshura, Pelochelys, Rafetus, Sacalia etc.). Encounter also Listing of reptiles of South Asia.

Birds [edit]

One bird family, the accentors (Prunellidae) is endemic to the Palaearctic region. The Holarctic has four other owned bird families: the divers or loons (Gaviidae), grouse (Tetraoninae), auks (Alcidae), and waxwings (Bombycillidae). The Indomalayan has iii endemic bird families, the fairy bluebirds (Irenidae), Megalaimidae and Philippine creepers (Rhabdornithidae). Other endemic Asian or mainly Asian families include Acrocephalidae, Aegithalidae, Certhiidae, Cettiidae, Chloropseidae, Dromadidae, Eupetidae, Eurylaimidae, Hemiprocnidae, Hypocoliidae, Ibidorhynchidae, Muscicapidae, Phasianidae, Pityriaseidae, Podargidae, Tichodromadidae and Turdidae. Also feature are pittas, bulbuls, Onetime World babblers, cuckoo-shrikes, drongos, fantails, flowerpecker, helmetshrikes, hornbill, nuthatch, orioles, parrotbills, shrikes, sunbirds and woodswallows.

Mammals [edit]

Two orders of mammals, the colugos (2 species) and treeshrews (19 species), are endemic to the Indomalayan realm, as are families Craseonycteridae (Kitti's hog-nosed bat), Diatomyidae, Platacanthomyidae, Tarsiidae (tarsiers) and Hylobatidae (gibbons). Large mammals characteristic of Indomalaya include the Asiatic lions,^{[1] [2]} tigers, wild Asian water buffalos, Asian elephant, Indian rhino, Javan rhinoceros, Malayan tapir. The other endemic Asian families include Ursidae (giant panda, Asian black bear, sloth comport, sun bear), Calomyscidae (mouse-like hamsters) and Ailuridae (red pandas). The Asian ungulates include bharal, gaur, blackbuck, the wild yak and the Tibetan antelope, four-horned antelope, ox-sheep (Ovibovini), takin, kting voar, several species of muntjac, Bubalus and others. The goat-antelopes (Rupicaprini) are represented past the goral and the serow. Asia'due south tropical forests accommodate ane of the world'south three primary primate communities, about 45 species including lorises, tarsiers, leaf-eating langurs, the orangutans of Borneo and Sumatra, and the gibbons.

Human affect [edit]

Wild Asian elephant populations are disappearing due to depletion of food sources and devastation of habitats

Beyond Asia wildlife populations and habitats are being decimated by poorly controlled industrial and agricultural exploitation, by infrastructure development (construction of dams, roads and tourist facilities), and by illegal activities such as poaching and timber theft. The result is loss of biodiversity and loss of livelihoods. A culture of indiscriminate wild fauna use combined with poverty, population growth and rapid economic evolution has created a wave of pressure level on natural ecosystems. Mainland china's spectacular economic growth, in particular, is straining the supply of natural resources throughout the region.^[8] Southeast Asia has the highest relative charge per unit of deforestation of whatsoever major tropical region, and could lose three quarters of its original forests past 2100 and up to 42% of its biodiversity.^[9] The Southeast Asian region's biodiversity is arguably the almost threatened, with some of the highest rates of forest loss combined with severe hunting pressure and a variety of other threats (Hughes, 2017).^[10]

Extinct animals [edit]

Meet likewise [edit]

• Indomalayan realm
• Palearctic realm
• Beast of Africa
• Creature of Commonwealth of australia
• Creature Europaea

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Geptner, V. Chiliad., Sludskij, A. A. (1972). Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Vysšaia Škola, Moskva. (In Russian; English translation: Heptner, V.Thousand., Sludskii, A. A., Komarov, A., Komorov, North.; Hoffmann, R. S. (1992). Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol Iii: Carnivores (Feloidea). Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation, Washington DC).
2. ^ ^{a b} Pocock, R. I. (1939). The Fauna of British Republic of india, including Ceylon and Burma. Mammalia. – Volume 1. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London. Pp. 199–222.
3. ^ C.B.Cox, P.D.Moore, Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Arroyo. Wiley-Blackwell, 2005
4. ^ Price, T. D., J. Zee, 1000. Jamdar, and N. Jamdar. 2003. Bird species diversity along the Himalaya: a comparison of Himachal Pradesh with Kashmir J. Mumbai Nat. Hist. Soc. 100:394–410
5. ^ Helgen, Yard.Chiliad., Groves, C.P. Biodiversity in Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats. Science, vol 308, 8.apr. 2005
6. ^ R.J.Whittaker, J.M.Fernández-Palacios, Island Biogeography. Ecology, evolution, and conservation. Oxford University Press, 2007
7. ^ C.C.Emig, P.Geistdoerfer, The Mediterranean deep-ocean fauna: historical development, bathymetric variations and geographical changes, Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology, 2004
8. ^ Fauna & Flora International in the Asia-Pacific region
9. ^ Northward.South. Sodhi et al., Southeast Asian biodiversity: an impending disaster. Trends in Environmental& Evolution, Vol.19, Issue 12, 2004
10. ^ Hughes, A. (2017) Understanding the drivers of Southeast Asian biodiversity loss, Ecosphere. 10.1002/ecs2.1624

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fauna_of_Asia

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